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D.      THE REMEDIES FOR A VIOLATION OF THE BROWN ACT INCLUDE
                       NULLIFICATION OF ACTION TAKEN, CURE AND CORRECTION, THE
                       REQUIREMENT TO AUDIO RECORD CLOSED SESSIONS, AN AWARD OF
                       ATTORNEYS’ FEES, AND IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES DAMAGES

                              Most actions taken in violation of the Brown Act can be remedied by correction
               of the violation.  The cure-and-correction remedy does not apply to violations of the 24-hour
               employee notice requirement.  Actions taken in violation of the 24-hour notice requirement are
               null and void which means that employees terminated after violating this provision may be
               entitled to damages for wrongful termination.

                              If there is a violation of the closed session requirements, a court can order the
               local agency to audio record its closed sessions.  If action is taken in open session on an item
               related to an illegal closed session discussion, the action can be set aside if prejudice is shown
               from the violation.  Prejudice will not exist if the public is afforded a full and fair opportunity to
               comment on the item.

                              A prevailing plaintiff is entitled to costs and attorneys’ fees unless special
               circumstances justify denial of such an award.  A prevailing defendant (public agency) may be
               awarded costs and fees only if the court finds the action was frivolous and totally lacking in
               merit.

               (Government Code §§ 54960, 54960.1, 54960.5; Fowler v. City of Lafayette (2020) 46
               Cal.App.5th 360; TransparentGov Novato v. City of Novato (2019) 34 Cal.App.5th 140; Olson v.
               Hornbrook Community Services District (2019) 33 Cal.App.5th 502; Galbiso v. Orosi Public
               Utility District (2008) 167 Cal.App.4th 1063; Moreno v. City of King (2005) 127 Cal.App.4th
               17; Los Angeles Times Communications v. Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors (2003) 112
               Cal.App.4th 1313.)



































     34   2025 Brown Act Handbook                                                                      LozanoSmith.com
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